Ploughman’s Spikenard

Inula conyza
Found in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East usually on Limestone.

Spikenard is a type of aromatic, amber coloured oil derived from a Honeysuckle which grows in the Himalayas.
The term came to be applied to a number of European plants which had aromatic qualities such as this one.
The roots of this plant have such qualities and where it grew on agricultural land the “ ploughman “ would dig it up and hang it inside the farm as an air freshener.