Hetty

The mine was opened, as "Gyfeillon Pit", in August 1851 by John Calvert, an engineer from Yorkshire, who had already sunk the Newbridge Colliery (later to become part of the Maritime Collieries, near Graig, Pontypridd). In 1848 his money allowed the construction of the Gyfeillon Colliery to begin.

The collierty changed hands to the Great Western Railway Company, reverting to Calvert, before he in turn sold into to the Great Western Colliery Company. The company would sink six shafts in total and the pits would collectively be known as the Great Western Collieries.

The colliery initially had three shafts: Hetty Pit (downcast, later upcast), Pit No. 2 and Pit No. 3 (downcast). Hetty Shaft was sunk in 1875 to 392 yards.[1]

1893 Disaster[edit]

On Tuesday 11 April 1893 a fire in the colliery led to the deaths of 63 men and boys. The ages of the dead ranged from 14 to 61.[2] A total of 200 were reported as trapped but 150 were rescued. By 14 April 53 bodes has been recovered.[3]

Sparks from the wooden brake blocks of a haulage engine had set fire to nearby brattice sheets. The fire the spread quickly, fanned by the strong ventilation and ignited timber supports, sending dense clouds of smoke and fumes into the mine workings. The death toll would have been much higher had it not been for the actions of the district fireman, Thomas Prosser. Prosser bravely ventured into the dense smoke and, by opening a set of air doors, diverted the noxious fumes out of the mine.[4]