My favourite-colour caterpillar

This is the caterpillar of the Greater Death’s Head Hawkmoth. The best known of three members of the genus Acherontia, this one is called Acherontia atropos. 

Apparently, it sheds its coat three times before burying itself underground to pupate. This is a mature larva with a 'horn' on its posterior. What a lot we can discover online! Click here for the Wiki entry!